Recall the relation between electric field and electric potential. Equipotentials are imaginary lines that connect all points at which the magnitude of the electric field is equal.
Draw the corresponding equipotentials from the field lines you just drew.Įquipotential Mapping CONDUCTIVE PAPER CONDUCTIVE PAPER Fig 1 -Two electrodes Fig 2 - A metallic circular ring CONDUCTIVE PAPER CONDUCTIVE PAPER Fig 3-Two horizontal bars serving as parallel plates Fig 4 - ShieldingĮlectric fields emanate from all charge, but they are very difficult to measure directly. Now draw the electric field lines for the four electrode configurations provided to you (see Figures 1 through 4 on the following page). Then draw the corresponding equipotentials from the field lines you just drew. However, they would eventually redistribute in a way to attain a uniform charge distribution, where the electric field would only be normal to the surface, eliminating its tangential(surface) component.Draw in your notebook the electric field lines emanating from a single positive point charge. If this wasn’t the case, then the electric field would exert a force on the charges on the surface of the conductor which would render them non-static since they would move around. In the same way, let us attempt to understand the reason why static field lines are always normal to a conductor surface. This is because the field B inside the material is much stronger than that of the magnetizing field $B_0$ due to the pulling in of a large number of lines of force with the field lines being uniform and parallel along the magnetic material. This implies that they always travel normal to the surface of the ferromagnet and not along the surface. The key here is that the field lines travel “through” the material.
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This also means that the magnetic field lines find it easier to travel through the ferromagnet than pass through the free space surrounding it. This means that ferromagnets allow or pull in external magnetic field lines and allow them to pass through their material. Now, the relative permeability of ferromagnets is $\mu_r >1$. Now, the ratio of the permeability of a medium to the permeability of free space is called the relative permeability. It measures the degree to which the external magnetic field can penetrate through the material. We know that when a magnetic material is placed in a magnetizing field, magnetic permeability $\mu$ helps us measure the material’s resistance to the ambient magnetic field. Let us begin by defining the term relative permeability $\mu_r$. If there was an electric field along the surface of the conductor, think of what would happen when the charges experience a force. As for the analogy, we know that the surface of an electric conductor inherently contains static charges at equilibrium. In such a case, think of how the field lines are incident on the magnet’s surface. Hint: We know that ferromagnets allow external magnetic field lines to pass through them.
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